Today, in the 1962 Dominican Rite Calendar, we celebrate the feast of the Angelic Doctor, St. Thomas Aquinas, Confessor, Doctor of the Church, of the Order of Preachers. Piercing a hole straight through the somber, penitential season of Lent, the feast of the Angel of the Schools is I Class, so the festive office is prayed according to the rubrics. A commemoration of the ferial office of Lent is made. All is given in the Proper of the Saints.
At Pretiosa yesterday, we read from the Dominican Martyrology:
At Pretiosa yesterday, we read from the Dominican Martyrology:
In the monastery of Fossa Nuova, near Terracina, St. Thomas Aquinas of the Order of Preachers, confessor and Doctor of the Church. He was most illustrious for nobility of birth, holiness of life, and knowledge of theology. He preserved until death the grace of virginity. On account of the extraordinary superiority of his learning, he rightly earned the title of "Angelic Doctor." His writings, remarkable for the solidity of doctrine and approved by our Lord Himself, marvelously illuminate as dazzling lights the Catholic Church and every school of the orthodox world. Leo XIII declared him to be the celestial patron of all Catholic schools.
The Dominican Office for this feast contains spiritually rich proper antiphons and hymns. Some of my favorites include the super psalm antiphon at 1st Vespers:
The Blessed Thomas, Doctor of the Church, light of the world, glory of Italy, virgin shining with the bloom of chastity, rejoices in a twofold crown of glory.
and the respond at 1st Vespers, which includes a hypothetical quotation by of St. Augustine, praising the Angelic Doctor:
℟. He is seen with a cloak embroidered with gems, and wearing a crown with a double circlet. A heavenly radiance coming from a jewelled necklace is diffused through the world. * Augustine speaks to the brother in this way: ℣. Thomas is my equal in glory, but he is superior in virginal chastity." - Augustine speaks. - Glory. - Augustine speaks.
At Lauds, some of the antiphons are references to miracles that were investigated as part of his canonization process:
4. The man oppressed by diabolic power is quickly set fre; he who was overwhelmed bu the current of a river is restored to life.
5. A tumor of the throat is made to disappear; a leper is cleansed, sight is given to the blind and power of walking to the lame.
St. Thomas offers not only the Catholic Church, but the world, a model of clear thinking and sobriety of thought that anyone doing intellectual work should strive to emulate. His genius in thought was outmatched only by his practice of the virtues. His method and conclusions in philosophy and theology should guide all people of good will who seek the truth. He is truly, as the antiphon at 1st Vesper says, a "light of the world".
St. Thomas Aquinas, pray for us. St. Thomas Aquinas, pray for me...and pray for my family.
From “Short Lives of the Dominican Saints” (London, Kegan Paul, Trench, and Trübner & Co., Ltd., 1901):
Saint Thomas was born of noble parents about the year 1225, in the fortress of Rocca-Secca, in the south of Italy; and to the neighboring little town of Aquino he owed his surname of Aquinas. When he was quite a child, a terrific thunderstorm burst over the castle, and his nurse and little sister were struck dead in the very chamber in which Thomas slept on unharmed. This circumstance accounts for the great fear of thunder and lightdning which the Saint is said to have had through his life, which caused him often to take refuge in the church during a thunderstorm, even leaning his head against the tabernacle, so as to place himself as closely as possible under the protection of our Lord; hence the popular devotion to him as patron against thunderstorms and sudden death. The words Ave Maria were the first which his baby lips were heard to utter; and, long before he could read, to place a book in his hands was discovered to be an unfailing means of drying his tears in all his childish troubles.
When only five years old, his education was begun by the monks of the celebrated Benedictine Abbey of Monte Cassino and by the time he had reached his eleventh year he had made such progress that his parents sent him under the care of a tutor to the newly founded University of Naples. The Dominican Church in that city became one of his favorite resorts, and, whilst still quite a boy, he asked and obtained the habit of the Order. As the Saint and his religious Brethren believed his family to be extremely averse to the step he had taken, he was hurried off to Rome, whence it was intended to remove him to Paris. But, on the way thither he was waylaid by his brothers, two young officers in the service of the Emperor, and sent back to his angry parents at Rocca-Secca. Here he was imprisoned in one of the towers of the castle, where he had to suffer cold, hunger, and every sort of privation. Worse than this, his brothers even went so far as to introduce a woman of evil life into his chamber; but with a flaming brand snatched from the hearth the Saint drove the miserable creature from his presence. With the same brand he then traced a cross upon the wall; and, casting himself upon his knees before it, besought of God to grant him the gift of perpetual chastity. As he prayed, he fell into an ecstasy, during which two angels appeared and girded him with a miraculous cord, at the same time assuring him that his petition had been granted. In memory of this event a Confraternity was established in the sixteenth century, called the "Angelic Warfare," to obtain through the intercession of Saint Thomas the virtue of chastity. This Confraternity still flourishes.
St. Thomas Aquinas, pray for us. St. Thomas Aquinas, pray for me...and pray for my family.
From “Short Lives of the Dominican Saints” (London, Kegan Paul, Trench, and Trübner & Co., Ltd., 1901):
Saint Thomas was born of noble parents about the year 1225, in the fortress of Rocca-Secca, in the south of Italy; and to the neighboring little town of Aquino he owed his surname of Aquinas. When he was quite a child, a terrific thunderstorm burst over the castle, and his nurse and little sister were struck dead in the very chamber in which Thomas slept on unharmed. This circumstance accounts for the great fear of thunder and lightdning which the Saint is said to have had through his life, which caused him often to take refuge in the church during a thunderstorm, even leaning his head against the tabernacle, so as to place himself as closely as possible under the protection of our Lord; hence the popular devotion to him as patron against thunderstorms and sudden death. The words Ave Maria were the first which his baby lips were heard to utter; and, long before he could read, to place a book in his hands was discovered to be an unfailing means of drying his tears in all his childish troubles.
When only five years old, his education was begun by the monks of the celebrated Benedictine Abbey of Monte Cassino and by the time he had reached his eleventh year he had made such progress that his parents sent him under the care of a tutor to the newly founded University of Naples. The Dominican Church in that city became one of his favorite resorts, and, whilst still quite a boy, he asked and obtained the habit of the Order. As the Saint and his religious Brethren believed his family to be extremely averse to the step he had taken, he was hurried off to Rome, whence it was intended to remove him to Paris. But, on the way thither he was waylaid by his brothers, two young officers in the service of the Emperor, and sent back to his angry parents at Rocca-Secca. Here he was imprisoned in one of the towers of the castle, where he had to suffer cold, hunger, and every sort of privation. Worse than this, his brothers even went so far as to introduce a woman of evil life into his chamber; but with a flaming brand snatched from the hearth the Saint drove the miserable creature from his presence. With the same brand he then traced a cross upon the wall; and, casting himself upon his knees before it, besought of God to grant him the gift of perpetual chastity. As he prayed, he fell into an ecstasy, during which two angels appeared and girded him with a miraculous cord, at the same time assuring him that his petition had been granted. In memory of this event a Confraternity was established in the sixteenth century, called the "Angelic Warfare," to obtain through the intercession of Saint Thomas the virtue of chastity. This Confraternity still flourishes.
Discovering that his constancy was not to be overcome by persecution, his disappointed relatives at length connived at his escape, and he was let down from the tower in a basket to the Friars who by appointment were waiting below. They carried off their rescued treasure to Naples, where he was immediately admitted to profession. Thence he was sent to Cologne, where he became the disciple of Blessed Albert the Great, the renowned Dominican professor of the day. The humble Saint at first succeeded in concealing his extraordinary talents from the know- ledge of his Brethren, but when at length they were accidentally discovered, his delighted Master exclaimed, "We call Brother Thomas ' the dumb ox ; ' but I tell you he will one day make his bellowing heard to the uttermost parts of the earth." Blessed Albert and his saintly pupil afterwards taught together, with immense applause, first at Paris and subsequently at Cologne. It was in the University of the former city that Saint Thomas took his degrees, first as Bachelor and afterwards as Doctor in Theology. On both these occasions he had as his companion his beloved friend, the great Franciscan theologian, Saint Bonaventure.
Saint Thomas commented on the works of Aristotle, and, having purged the text of the pagan philosopher from everything that was opposed to the truths of faith, established a complete system of Christian philosophy. Amongst his many works we may mention his "Summa against the Gentiles," his treatises on the Our Father, the Hail Mary, and the Creed, and, most important of all, his "Summa of Theology,"
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Saint Thomas had not yet completed his fiftieth year, when, worn out by his labors in preaching and teaching, he breathed his last at the Benedictine Abbey of Fossa Nuova, on his way to attend the General Council of Lyons. His death took place on the 7th of March, A.D. 1274. He was canonized A.D. 1323 by John XXII.; A.D. 1567, Saint Pius V. conferred on him the title of Doctor of the Church; and A.D. 1880, Leo XIII declared him patron of all Catholic universities, academies, colleges, and schools.
Humility was ever the characteristic virtue of this great servant of God and from his humility sprang his extreme modesty in the expression of his opinion. Though raised so high above others by his gigantic intellectual powers, Saint Thomas was the sweetest and most charitable of masters and of fathers, always ready to stoop to the capacity of the youngest and dullest of his scholars. No matter how important the affair might be on which he was engaged, his cell was always open to his Brethren whenever they wished to speak to him, and he would cheerfully turn from the most absorbing occupation to give them his undivided attention. Most touching and beautiful is the account left us of his manner of spending his time and of the means he adopted for sanctifying the ordinary actions of the day by devotional practices. But the limited space at our disposal in this short biography compels us to conclude. We can but mention one out of many of his remarkable sayings, viz., the answer given by him to his sister when she asked him what she must do to become a Saint. "Velle" he replied, i.e. "Will it."
Prayer
O God, you make your church glorious through the wonderful learning of the blessed Thomas, your confessor and doctor, and render it fruitful by his hold deeds; grant us, we beseech you, both to understand what he taught and to imitate what he did. Through our Lord...